し
And / And Also / Besides
shi
TypeConjunctive
JLPT Leveln4
Summary
Lists reasons or attributes, implying 'and besides'. Often used to give multiple reasons for something.
Usage Rules
- •Lists multiple reasons: AしBし = both A and B (as reasons)
- •Implies 'and besides': more emphatic listing than て
- •Can end a sentence implying there's more
- •Used with both verbs and adjectives
- •Often in the pattern 〜し〜し
- •Conjunctive form of the copula: だし
Example Sentences
やすいしおいしいし、さいこうだ。
It's cheap and delicious — perfect.
雨だし、外に行かない。
It's raining and besides, I won't go out.
日本語もできるし、えいごも話せる。
I can speak Japanese and also English.
つかれたし、おなかもあいた。
I'm tired and also hungry.
ねだんも高いし、あまりよくない。
The price is high and it's not great either.
Common Mistake
Using し for simple sequential actions (use て for sequence; し = 'and besides').